美国硬币的故事|建工茶场 - 第5页

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只看该作者 60楼发表于: 2013-11-18

2006年度纪念币（二）

2006 San Francisco Old Mint Commemorative Coin Program

2006年三蕃市旧造币厂纪念币计划

银币金币

Before the current United States Mint building in San Francisco was built in 1937, the work of the Mint was carried on in another building—one that has become known as the "Granite Lady."  Since the new building opened, the Granite Lady has also become known as the "Old Mint."  This classic building is the subject of the San Francisco Old Mint Commemorative Coin Program.
    目前美国铸造局在三蕃市的大楼是在1937年建造的，在这之前，造币厂的工作是在另一栋大楼进行的，它现在被誉为“花岗岩夫人”。自从新大楼建成启用后，“花岗岩夫人”就被称为“旧造币厂”。这栋经典的大楼就是三蕃市旧造币厂纪念币计划的主题。

There are two coins in the program:  a five-dollar coin made of gold and a silver dollar.  One side of each coin looks just like a US coin once made in the building.  The other sides show images of the "Granite Lady" herself.  Both coins, struck in San Francisco, carry the "S" mint mark.
    这两枚硬币一枚是5美元金币，一枚是1美元银币。每枚硬币的一面，看上去就像是以前的一个硬币一样；而其它的面就是“花岗岩夫人”自己的图像。这两枚硬币都是三蕃市造币厂制作的，它们都带有这个造币厂的“S”标记。

The sale of these coins will play a part in the Granite Lady's future, too.  Funds raised will help the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society fix up the building as a museum of the city, of American coins, and of the California Gold Rush.
　　出售这些硬币，是为了“花岗岩夫人”未来的发展，也是为三蕃市博物馆和历史学会筹集资金来修复这座大楼作为博物馆，用以作展示这座城市的历史、美国货币的历史和加州淘金热潮的历史。

Although the Granite Lady first opened its doors in 1874, 2006 is the 100th anniversary of an important event in the life of this building as well as the whole city:  In 1906, a strong earthquake and a series of fires just about destroyed San Francisco.  But when the flames died down, the US Mint building at the corner of Fifth and Mission streets stood among the ruins with little damage.  The Mint went on to help sustain and rebuild the city and to continue making American coins.
    “花岗岩夫人”的首次启用是在1874年。2006年是这座大楼、也是这座城市生活中的一件重大事件的一百周年的纪念日子：1906年，这里发生了强烈的地震，并引发了系列火灾，几乎摧毁了三蕃市。然而，当火苗偃旗息鼓后，这座位于第五大道与观澜街之间的美国造币厂大楼，依然屹立在废墟中，几乎没有损坏。这个造币厂仍然帮扶着重建这座城市，并继续生产美国货币。

The front of the silver dollar shows an angled view of the Greek revival-style building. The back looks like the back of the Morgan dollar made between 1878 and 1921.
    银币的正面显示的是一座希腊复兴风格的建筑物的侧视图。背面看起来像是1878到1921年之间制作的摩根美元的背面图案。

The front of the 5-dollar coin shows a straight-on view of the front of the Old Mint.  The back shows the eagle and banner used on the 5-dollar coin (called a "half eagle") in the late 1800s.
    5美元硬币的正面是旧造厂正面的立面图。背面显示的是十九世纪后期在5美元硬币（称为“半鹰”币）上使用的鹰和横幅。

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只看该作者 61楼发表于: 2013-11-25

2010年度纪念币（二）

American Veterans Disabled for Life Silver Dollar

美国退伍伤残军人一美元银币

Members of the Armed Forces of the United States have served our nation faithfully around the world.  （数百万） of them became permanently disabled while defending our freedom, and we owe them a special debt of gratitude.
    美国的武装部队的成员，忠诚地为美国和世界各地服务。当他们为捍卫我们的自由时，数以百计的他们落下了永久的伤残，而我们应给予他们一份特殊的感激。

One way that gratitude is expressed is through the American Veterans Disabled for Life Commemorative Coin Act of 2008.  This Act allows the United States Mint to mint and issue commemorative silver dollar coins to honor these heroes.
    2008年通过的《美国退伍伤残军人纪念币法案》，是表达感激之情的一种方式。该法案让美国铸币局铸造和发行一枚一美元银质纪念币，以纪念这些英雄们。

Congress has allowed a surcharge from the sale of these coins to be paid to the Disabled Veterans' LIFE Memorial Foundation.  The foundation is planning to build an American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial in Washington, DC.
    国会批准把销售这些硬币的收益，拨付给伤残退伍军人生活纪念基金会。该基金会正计划在华盛顿特区建立一个美国伤残退伍军人纪念馆。

The designs on the coin remind us of our disabled veterans' loyalty and courage.  The image of boots and crutches on the front commemorates the disabilities some veterans live with every day because of their sacrificial service to our country.
　　硬币的设计就是提醒我们，牢记伤残退伍军人的忠诚和勇敢。正面的图像为靴子和拐杖，而这些就是一些退伍军人每天生活所依赖的工具。他们是为我们的国家奉献，而落下伤残的，因此，我们要纪念他们。
　　［正面上边缘的横幅题写着“他们为我们站起来了” A banner says "They stood up for us" above soldiers' feet, the center soldier with a crutch and the soldier on the right with a crutch and only one leg. ］

On the back, the oak branches in the wreath represent strength.  The forget-me-not flower became connected with veterans during World War I, when soldiers saw these flowers growing on the graves of their fallen comrades.  After the war, the flower was used as a symbol for remembering those who had fallen.
　　背面，橡树枝条组成的花环代表力量。第一次世界大战的老兵们看到了，在他们倒下的战友墓前长满了勿忘我花，而勿忘我花已成为这些老兵们与他们倒下的战友相连接的桥梁。战后，勿忘我花已作为纪念那些倒下的战友的象征。
　　［花环的中心写着“藉此时刻，向捍卫我们的自由，而伤残的军人致敬。”"Take this moment to honor our disabled defenders of freedom"  ］

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只看该作者 62楼发表于: 2013-12-01

Wampanoag Treaty of 1621

1621年万帕诺亚格条约

Within some Native American cultures, the ability to make peace was as highly prized as leadership in war.  Peace talks were often handled by a separate peace chief. For centuries, tribes created alliances with each other that spanned hundreds of miles.
    在美国土著文化中，显示了他们在战争中求得和平的非常能力。和平谈判通常是由一个独立的部落酋长进行的。几个世纪以来，部落间创建的联盟横跨数百英里。

In the spring of 1621, Ousamequin, the Massasoit (a title meaning head chief) of the Wampanoag Indians, made a treaty with the English who settled at Patuxet (in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts).
    在1621年的春天，万帕诺亚格印第安人的马萨索伊特（最高首领）Ousamequin，在Patuxet（在现在马萨诸塞州普利茅斯）的地方与英国的移民者签订了一个条约。

The main terms of the treaty:  the Wampanoag promised to defend the Plymouth settlers against hostile tribes. The settlers promised to step in if the Wampanoag were attacked. The full terms are recorded in William Bradford's "History of Plimoth Plantation."
    该条约的主要内容：万帕诺亚格人与普利茅斯的移民相互承诺，捍卫双方不受敌对部落的侵扰和攻击。这个完整的条约收藏在威廉·布德福德的普利茅斯历史情景种植园。

The 2011 Native American $1 Coin design features two hands exchanging a peace pipe, a symbol of a peace agreement between two groups. In this case, the groups were the Wampanoag Indians and the settlers of Plymouth Colony. Historians doubt that the settlers could have survived without the Plymouth/Wampanoag alliance.
    2011年美国原住民1美元硬币图案的特征是两只手交换一个和平烟斗，象征着这两个族群的和睦共处。这种情况下，万帕诺亚格印第安人与移民者就成为普利茅斯殖民地的共同体。历史学家觉得如果没有普利茅斯/万帕诺亚格的联盟，这些移民者就很难生存下来。

Three Wampanoag men, who represented Ousamequin, spent much time with the settlers.  Tisquantum (also known as Squanto),  Samoset, and Hobbamack gave the settlers invaluable tips on survival. The Plymouth settlers honored the treaty later that summer by coming to Ousamequin's rescue when they thought he had been captured by enemies. The Wampanoag treaty lasted more than 50 years.
    有三个代表Ousamequin的万帕诺亚格人，他们是Tisquantum(也称为Squanto)、Samoset和Hobbamack 。这三个人花费了很多时间向移民者提供和传授了在这里赖以生存的宝贵经验和技巧方法。那年夏天，普利茅斯的移民感受了条约带来的恩惠，那是因他们被敌人俘虏后是Ousamequin营救了他们。而该条约也一直延续了50多年。

In mid-October 1621, 90 of the Wampanoag took part in a harvest feast. The feast at Plymouth lasted for three days and, 220 years later, inspired the legend of the first Thanksgiving.
　　　1621年10月中旬，在普利茅斯举办一个盛大的丰收盛宴，有90个万帕诺亚格人被邀请参加了这个盛会，这个盛宴一直持续了三天。220年后，受这个传说诱发了第一个感恩节。这就是感恩节的由来。

[ 此帖被二队人在2013-12-01 04:53重新编辑 ]

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2007年度纪念币（一）

2007 Jamestown 400th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Program

2007年詹姆斯敦建立400周年纪念硬币计划

In 1607, The Virginia Company of London sent three ships to the New World to start a colony.  The 苏珊·康斯坦, Godspeed, and Discovery brought more than 100 settlers to the place that would become Jamestown.  The survival of this colony is a major milestone in the history of the United States of America.  The seeds of our nation's laws, government, and cultural diversity were planted here.
    在1607年，伦敦弗吉尼亚公司派出三艘船出发到新大陆的殖民地。“苏珊·康斯坦”号、“成功”号和“发现”号带着100多名移居者到达了这个定居点，这就是现在的詹姆斯敦。这个殖民地得以生存和发展是美国历史上的一个重要里程碑。美国的法律、政府以及多元文化的种子是在这里开始生根发芽的。

Four hundred years later, Jamestown and its founding are remembered on two commemorative coins from the United States Mint:  a one-dollar silver coin and a five-dollar gold coin.  Together, they make the Jamestown 400th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Program.
    四百年后，美国铸币局把詹姆斯敦和它的创始人铭刻在两枚纪念币上：一枚是1美元银币，一枚是5美元金币。总之，它们构成了詹姆斯敦四百年周纪念硬币的计划。

The front of the dollar coin shows people from three of the cultures that came together at Jamestown.  The back shows the three ships that carried the first settlers from England to Jamestown.  A full-sized replica of the Godspeed sailed to Philadelphia in 2007, where these coin designs were unveiled.
    一美元硬币的正面，显示了三种不同文化背景的人们集合在詹姆斯敦。背面显示的是把第一批移居者从英国带到詹姆斯敦的三艘船。2007年，一艘仿“成功”号的全尺寸仿制船航行到费城，而这些硬币的设计也是在费城公布的。

The front of the five-dollar coin shows what Captain John Smith might have looked like talking with an American Indian.  The back pictures the Jamestown Memorial Church, the only building from the original settlement whose foundation is still standing.
    五美元硬币的正面，显示约翰·史密斯船长好像正在与一名美国印第安人交谈。背面图案是詹姆斯敦纪念教堂，这是唯一建在原始定居点基础上的，仍然屹立不倒的建筑物。

Some of the money from the sale of these coins will go to Jamestown for its anniversary celebration and to preserve and improve the town as a historic treasure.  Archaeologists searching the area have found many clues to what life was like in this, the first successful English colony in North America.
    从销售这些硬币的收益中，将拨出一部分用作詹姆斯敦的周年庆典活动，以及作为这个历史悠久的宝镇的保护与改善的经费。这是首个在北美地区获得成功的英国殖民地，考古学家们在探寻这个区域时，已发现许多线索，证明人们当时是如何生活的。

Jamestown Commemorative Five-Dollar Coin

纪念詹姆斯敦5美元硬币

Jamestown was the first English settlement in America that lasted more than just a few years.  The city was founded in 1607, four hundred years ago, by settlers sent from England to find gold and a water route across the continent.
    詹姆斯敦仅历时短短的几年，就成为英国在美国的首个殖民地。该城始建于1607年。四百年前，这些移居者是被英国派去寻找黄金和通往整个大陆的水道。

One of the first things the settlers had to do was make friends with the American Indians who lived in the area.  The front of the coin shows an Englishman talking with an American Indian who is holding corn, a food then new to the English.
    移居者要做的第一件事之一，是要与居住在该地区的美国印第安人交朋友。硬币正面显示一位英国人正在跟一位拿着玉米的美国印第安人交谈，玉米对英国人来说是一种全新的食物。

The Jamestown settlers also had to build a fort to protect themselves.  At first, the whole Virginia colony was within the fort's wooden walls.  By the 1620s, the colony had spread along the James River, with Jamestown as its capital.
    詹姆斯敦的定居者还必须建立起堡垒来保护自己。起初，整个弗吉尼亚的殖民地堡垒的墙壁是木制的。到了17世纪20年代，殖民地已沿着詹姆斯河蔓延，詹姆斯敦已成为其首府。

The back of the Jamestown five-dollar coin shows a church whose foundation dates back to Jamestown's first century.  In this building, people who were sent by their communities met to make rules for the colony.  This could be called the first meeting of governing representatives in the New World.
    詹姆斯敦5美元硬币背面显示了一座教堂，它可以追溯到詹姆斯敦创立的第一个一百年。那些被派遣到社区开会的人们，在这座建筑里制定了殖民地的规则。这可以称为这个新大陆的首次自治代表会议。

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, served as Virginia's major port and seat of government and law.  Jamestown never grew to become the city its leaders had planned on paper, but it was the capital of Virginia for 92 years.
    詹姆斯敦是英国在这个新大陆的第一个永久殖民地，它曾是弗吉尼亚的主要港口，以及政府和法院的所在地。然而詹姆斯敦从来没有按其领导人制定的城市发展计划发展，但它作为弗吉尼亚的首府已有92年的历史。

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只看该作者 64楼发表于: 2013-12-16

2007年度纪念币（二）

Little Rock Central High School Desegregation Silver Dollar

小石城中心高中废除种族隔离1美元银币

Strength, courage, determination...all were shown by the African-American students who went to Little Rock Central High School in 1957.  They were the first black students to attend the previously all-white school, and the task was not easy.
    力量、勇气、决心… 所有资料显示，在1957年非裔美国学生到小石城中心高中就读。在这以前，他们是第一批到全白人学校就读的黑人学生，这是一件很不容易的事情。

Congress had declared in 1954 that school segregation (separation of students by race) was 违反宪法的.  But all schools did not cooperate with the ruling right away.  The events at the high school in Little Rock tested the resolve of people on both sides of the issue, but it was a major step toward integrating every classroom in the land of the free.
    国会在1954年已宣布学校种族隔离（因种族分离学生）是违反宪法的。但是，所有的学校没有立刻配合执行这项规定。然而，在小石城高中检验解决了赞成与不赞成废除种族隔离的人们的问题，把不同种族的学生整合在每一间教室里，这是这遍自由土地迈出的一大步。

For the second commemorative coin program of 2007, Congress and the President have directed the United States Mint to make this silver dollar in two 版本:  proof and uncirculated.  This year (2007) is the 50th anniversary of these events in Little Rock, Arkansas.
    今年（2007年）是阿肯色州的小石城事件的五十周年纪念。对于2007年纪念币计划的第二套银质硬币，国会和总统已指示美国铸币局制作二个版本，其中一个版本附有一份身份证明文件，为未流通币。

On the front of the coin, the feet of the group that came to be known as the "Little Rock Nine" are shown as they walk to school accompanied by an armed soldier.  Nine stars line the top of the image, symbolizing the nine students.  The phrase "Desegregation in Education" points out the issue that made this walk to school so important.
    硬币的正面显示了一组腿部，这是一群学生在一名全副武装的士兵陪同下步行上学，后来被称为“小石城九组”。顶部横线上的九颗星的形象，代表着九名学生。短语“种族隔离教育”指出了由士兵陪同上学这个问题是如此重要。

The back shows the Little Rock Central High School building, now a national historic site.
    背面显示了小石城中心高中的学校建筑，它现在成为了国家历史文物保护单位。

A surcharge (a charge over the face value of the coin) goes to the Secretary of the Interior.  The secretary is to use these funds to protect, preserve, and interpret the resources and stories that have to do with historic Little Rock Central High School and the surrounding area.
    增值部分（指超过硬币面值）将转到内政部。内政部利用这些资金来保护、保存有历史意义的小石城中心高中以及周边地区，并阐明其相关的历史故事。

With this coin we recognize that, as these students walked to school, equality in our country came one step closer.
    通过这枚硬币，我们体会到这些黑人学生能与白人学生一同上学，是我们国家在平等问题上又迈进了一步。

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只看该作者 65楼发表于: 2013-12-22

2008年度纪念币

2008 American Bald Eagle Coins

2008年美国白头鹰硬币

These coins celebrate an American success story:  the bald eagle.  The American Bald Eagle Recovery and National Emblem Commemorative Coin Act was passed by Congress to recognize the eagle, its importance as a national symbol, and its return from near extinction in the lower 48 states.  Congress passed the Act unanimously before it was signed by the President.  The series celebrates the eagle's recovery as well as the 35th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which has helped in the recovery.
    这些硬币是歌颂美国一个成功的故事——美国白头鹰成功复苏的故事。白头鹰如同是美国国家的象征，但它在美国大陆曾经濒临灭绝。认识到美国白头鹰的重要性，国会通过了美国白头鹰复苏和美国国徽纪念硬币法案。国会一致通过了该法案，之后由总统签署发布。这不仅是庆祝白头鹰复苏的系列活动，而且今年还是1973年颁布的《濒危物种法》三十五周年纪念。白头鹰成功复苏归功于《濒危物种法》的实施。

The Founding Fathers chose the bald eagle for the Great Seal of the United States at the Second Continental Congress in 1782.  Ever since, this majestic bird has represented the spirit of freedom and democracy that makes our nation great.  The eagle also appears on the seals of many branches and departments of the United States government.
    1782年，在第二届大陆会议上，开国元勋们选择了白头鹰为美国的国玺。自此，这只庄严、宏伟的鹰造就和描绘了美国的自由与民主的伟大精神。这只鹰也成了众多团体机构和美国政府部门的封识。

The bald eagle is a major symbol of democracy, standing for American values like freedom, courage, and strength.  It has appeared in American art, music, history, literature, commerce, and culture.  So, the bald eagle is very important to the United States.
    白头鹰是民主的一个重要象征。它代表着美国的价值观，如自由、勇气和力量。它已出现在美国的艺术、音乐、历史、文学、商务和文化等各个领域。因此，白头鹰对美国来说是非常重要的。

This once-endangered species, unique to North America, is now making a gradual comeback.  Classified as "endangered" in 1973 under the Endangered Species Act, this eagle was later moved to the less endangered "threatened" list thanks to the law and to caring people and 团体.
    白头鹰是北美独特的物种，它曾经濒临灭绝，现正在逐步复苏。根据1973年的《濒危物种法》，白头鹰被列为“濒危”物种。随后，白头鹰被搬到较少受到“威胁”的地方繁衍，这要归功于法律和那些有爱心的人与团体。

The bald eagle will probably be removed from the "threatened species" list in 2008, but the eagle won't be "out of the woods" just yet.  Wildlife agencies will need to keep an eye on the eagle for at least 5 years after it is taken off the list.  Part of the surcharge on the bald eagle coins can be used to fund this work.
    白头鹰将可能在2008年从“濒危物种”名单中去除。然而，白头鹰这时还没有“走出困境”，野生动物机构还需密切关注白头鹰情况，至少五年之后它才会从名单中除名。白头鹰硬币销售收益的部分，用来资助这项工作。

The three coins in this series are a five-dollar gold coin, a one-dollar silver coin, and a half-dollar clad coin.  All the designs feature the bald eagle and its history, biology, or status as a national symbol.
    这套硬币共有三枚，一枚是五美元金币，一枚是一美元银币和一枚五十美分复合币。这套硬币都是围绕白头鹰的形态、历史、生态以及它作为一个国家的象征的特点而进行设计的。

The front of the half dollar shows two eaglets and an egg in a nest.  A close-up view of the eagle called Challenger is shown before a flowing American flag on the back.
    五十美分硬币的正面显示一个鹰巢里两只雏鹰和一个鹰蛋。背面：在一面飘动的美国国旗前，显示了一只特写的鹰，它被称为挑战者。

A bald eagle soars on the front of the one-dollar coin.  An early heraldic eagle appears on the back.
    一美元银币的正面是一只展翅翱翔的白头鹰。背面是早期的鹰徽章。

The gold five-dollar coin shows a pair of perched eagles on the front and the eagle from the Great Seal of the United States on the back.
    五美元金币正面显示一对栖息着的鹰。背面为美国国玺中的鹰图案。

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发帖: 468

金钱: 538

经验值: 219

只看该作者 66楼发表于: 2014-01-01

2009年度纪念币（一）

Abraham Lincoln Commemorative Silver Dollar

纪念亚伯拉罕·林肯1美元银币

The name of Abraham Lincoln is famous throughout the land.  Cities, highways, and monuments are named after him.  His face has been seen for a century on the penny...and now, on a commemorative coin as well.  In 2009, the bicentennial year of Lincoln's birth, the United States Mint will produce the silver dollar described in the Abraham Lincoln Commemorative Coin Act of 2006.
    亚伯拉罕·林肯的名字闻名整个美国。有很多城市、高速公路和古迹都以他的名字命名。他的形像在1美分硬币上已经展现了一个世纪… 现在，他形像又出现在一枚纪念币上。2009年是林肯诞辰二百周年，美国铸币局根据2006年的亚伯拉罕·林肯纪念币法案，制作纪念林肯的1美元银币。

The son of a Kentucky farmer, Lincoln had an honesty and intelligence that led him through a career in law and politics to the presidency.  His firm belief that all men are created equal was crucial in the movement to abolish slavery.
    林肯是肯塔基州的一个农民的儿子，他是一个诚实和有智慧的人，而这些引领着他从律师到政坛，再迈到总统成就了一番事业。他坚信人人生来平等，而至关重要的是废除奴隶制度的运动。

He showed great courage during the Civil War. He showed great kindness in his plans for the South afterward, "with malice toward none, with charity for all." Yet his life was taken by an assassin's bullet on April 14, 1865, just days after the war ended.

    在南北战争期间，他表现出了极大的勇气；而在他重建南方的计划，又展现了他极大的仁慈，“对任何人不怀恶意，对一切从善。”然而，他的生命在1865年4月14日却被刺客的弹子夺去，而这仅仅是在战争结束后的几天。

President Lincoln had spoken at the dedication of a cemetery for Civil War soldiers at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1863.  Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg is seen as one of the most beautiful and moving pieces of American literature.  The last 43 words of this address are inscribed on the back of the Lincoln commemorative dollar:
    林肯总统于1863年在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡内战军人公墓揭幕仪式上作了奉献的演说。林肯的葛底斯堡演讲，被视为最美丽动人的美国文学作品之一。这篇演讲的最后四十三个字刻在这枚林肯纪念币的背面：

"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth."
    “我们在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；以便使国家在上帝的福佑下得到自由的新生，并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。”

This part of the speech is surrounded by a wreath on the coin.  The banner beneath it includes Lincoln's signature.  The portrait of Lincoln on the front of the coin is based on the sculpture by Daniel Chester French that sits inside the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.
    硬币上的演讲辞被花圈环绕着，在它下面的横幅是林肯的签名。硬币正面的林肯肖像，是基于由法国人丹尼尔·切斯特雕刻的、坐落在华盛顿特区林肯纪念堂的林肯雕像。

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发帖: 468

金钱: 538

经验值: 219

只看该作者 67楼发表于: 2014-01-06

2009年度纪念币（二）

Louis Braille Bicentennial Silver Dollar

路易斯·布莱叶二百周年纪念1美元银币

Like Abraham Lincoln, Louis Braille was born in 1809.  Braille, a citizen of France, invented a system of raised dots that allows blind people to read and write.
    路易斯·布莱叶，像亚伯拉罕·林肯一样，都是出生于1809年。布莱叶是一名法国公民，他发明了一种能让盲人阅读和书写的、凸起的小圆点系统。

At the age of three, Louis had an accident in his father's workshop.  He was using an awl (a tool for making holes), but his hand slipped, resulting in his losing sight in one eye.  Then the injured eye became infected and the infection spread to his other eye.  He was completely blind by the age of four.
    在布莱叶三岁时，他在他父亲的工场发生了一起事故。他在使用锥子时，锥子滑出了手，导致他一只眼睛失明。然而，受伤的眼睛受到感染，而感染蔓延到他的另一只眼睛。他四岁时完全失明。

Braille received a scholarship to the Royal Institute for Blind Children in Paris when he was 10.  Most of the teaching there was done by voice, but there were also books printed with large, embossed letters that the students could feel with their fingers.  Still, they were very hard to read.
    布莱叶十岁时，获得了皇家学院为失明儿童设立的奖学金，到巴黎学习。大部分的教学是通过声音来完成的，但是，也有能让学生通过用手指触摸感觉到的、印有浮雕文字的大型图书。尽管如此，学生们还是很难阅读。

When Louis was 12, a captain in Napoleon's army visited the school.  Captain Charles Barbier de la Serre had invented a system he called "night writing" so that soldiers could send messages at night.  They could read these messages in the dark without having to light a match, which might alert the enemy.  The groups of 12 raised dots stood for sounds rather than letters.
    路易斯十二岁那年，有位拿破伦军队的军官到学校参观。这名军官叫查尔斯·巴比尔·德·拉·塞尔，他发明了一种使士兵能在夜间发出消息的系统，他称之为“夜间写作法”。士兵们可以在黑暗中，不需点燃火柴就能读取到信息，这就不易被敌人发现。这组12个凸起的小圆点，代表的是声音而不是字母。

Braille thought the system could be simpler.  He experimented for several months until he came up with a system that used only six dots.  The system we call Braille today, adapted to languages all over the world, is basically the same system that Louis settled on when he was just 15.  At the time, he made the raised dots by hand, pressing the paper with an awl, the same tool that had led to his blindness.
    布莱叶认为这个系统可以再简单一些。他尝试了好几个月，直到他想出了一个系统，只用了6个点。这就是我们今天所说的盲文系统，它适应世界各地语言。12个点系统与6个点系统的基本原理是相同的。路易斯在解决6个点系统时，年仅15岁。当时，他用手在纸上压起凸点的工具是锥子，同样的工具，却导致他失明。

The design on the back of the Braille silver dollar includes actual Braille letters.  This is the first coin ever that can be read by a person who can read Braille.  Below the letters BRL (which stand for "Braille" in Braille code), a child is shown reading a book with his fingers beside a bookcase labeled "Independence."  On the front, a portrait of Louis Braille faces forward.
    这枚布莱叶银美元的背面，包涵了真实的盲文。这些盲文代表着字母BRL（同时也是代表盲文的发明者）；在盲文的下面，显示了一名用手指触摸书本进行阅读的孩子，在他身旁的书柜上标有“独立”的字样；这是有史以来，首枚能让失明人士读取到盲文的硬币。硬币的正面为布莱叶的正面肖像。

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发帖: 468

金钱: 538

经验值: 219

只看该作者 68楼发表于: 2014-01-21

2012年度纪念币（一）

U.S. Infantry Commemorative Dollar

美国步兵1美元纪念币

The Infantry
步兵
On June 14, 1775, 10 companies of light infantry (soldiers who fight on foot) were formed.  The Infantry played and continues to play the major role in gaining and protecting freedom for us and our allies.  That first infantry has developed into the current U.S. Armed Forces.
    1775年6月14日，组建了10个轻步兵连。步兵继续担当着保护美国和其盟友的自由的主要角色。从此以后，步兵已经发展成为当前美国的武装力量。

The Infantry has seven values, which are the same as the U.S. Army's seven values: honor, integrity, duty, selfless service, personal courage, loyalty, and respect.  Although the infantry is only one branch of the Army, its members have earned more than half of all the Medals of Honor awarded and have suffered three-quarters of the casualties.
    步兵有七个价值观，这也是美国陆军的七个价值观：荣誉、诚信、责任、无私奉献、个人勇气、忠诚和尊重。虽然步兵只是整个军队中的一个兵种，但是，步兵是整个军队中伤亡最多的兵种，达四分之三，同时也是已经获得所有授予的荣誉勋章的一半以上。

Fifteen U.S. Presidents, including Andrew Jackson, Ulysses S. Grant, and Dwight D.Eisenhower, served in the Infantry and saw combat action.  Infantrymen fight in all kinds of weather, among all cultures, and over every kind of terrain.
    有15位美国总统，包括安德鲁·杰克逊、尤利西斯·S·格兰特、德怀特·艾森豪威尔，曾服役于步兵和目睹战斗行动。步兵是一个以全天候、不同的文化背景和各种各样的地形为战场的兵种。

Coin Designs
硬币设计
The coin's designs symbolize the Infantry's courage, pride, sacrifice, history, and sense of duty.  The silver dollar's obverse features a modern Infantry soldier on rocky ground charging forward and beckoning troops to follow.  This image captures the essence of the Infantry's motto, "Follow Me."
    这枚硬币的设计，象征着步兵的勇气、骄傲、牺牲、历史和责任感。这枚银美元的正面显示一个现代步兵战士在战场上冲锋向前和招手战友跟随的形象。这形象抓住了步兵格言的本质“跟我来！”。

Featured on the reverse is the crossed rifles insignia, the branch insignia of the Infantry.  Since all members of the Infantry wear this insignia, it is known everywhere.
    背面显示两枝交叉的步枪，这是步兵的徽章标志。由于步兵都佩带这个徽章，所以随处都可见到这个标志。

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发帖: 468

金钱: 538

经验值: 219

只看该作者 69楼发表于: 2014-02-16

2012年度纪念币（二）

Star-Spangled Banner Commemorative Coins

星条旗纪念硬币

The Anthem

国歌

Dr. William Beanes was an elderly doctor who had been captured by the British when they invaded Washington, D.C., during the War of 1812. On September 7, 1814, Francis Scott Key visited the British fleet in Maryland's Chesapeake Bay and was able to have them set Dr. Beanes free—but not until after they finished bombarding Fort McHenry, Baltimore's main defense.

威廉·巴尔内斯博士是一位上了年纪的医生，在1812年战争期间，他被入侵的英军在华盛顿特区中被俘虏。1814年9月7日，弗朗西斯·斯科特·基造访英国舰队，并努力争取释放巴尔内斯博士，但直到英国舰队炮轰完巴尔的摩的主要防御阵地麦克亨利堡之后才被释放。

The attack had gone on for 25 hours by the morning of September 14, 1814. When Key peered through the clearing smoke at the fort, he saw a 42-by-30-foot American flag flying proudly over it.

1814年9月14日早上开始，炮击持续了25个小时。当基透过硝烟弥漫的要塞，凝视着那面经过炮火洗礼的42乘30英尺的美国国旗，仍在要塞的上空自豪地飘扬。

He was so inspired by the sight of the enormous flag that he wrote a poem about it, which he named "The Defence of Fort McHenry." Within a month, the words had been published in papers all along the eastern seaboard, with Key's note that they should be sung to the tune of a popular British melody, "To Anacreon in Heaven."

巨大的国旗激发了基的灵感，写出了一首被他命名为《保卫麦克亨利堡》的诗歌。在一个月内，东海岸的所有刊物都刊登了这首诗歌。对于基的这首诗，人们认为应谱上受欢迎的英式旋律的曲调——《致天堂里的阿克那里翁》。

After 100 years, the anthem was still popular and was the national anthem of the United States. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered that the anthem be played at military and naval ceremonies. In 1931, President Herbert Hoover signed a resolution that officially designated "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem of the United States.

100年后，这首颂歌依然非常受欢迎，并已成为美国国歌。1916年伍德罗·威尔逊总统下令，在陆军和海军的仪式上演奏这首颂歌。1931年，赫伯特·胡佛总统签署了一个决定，正式指定《星条旗永不落》作为美国的国歌。

The Coins

这套硬币

The Star-Spangled Banner coins commemorate the 200th anniversary (bicentennial) of the writing of our national anthem. Their designs symbolize the War of 1812, particularly the Battle of Baltimore, the basis for the anthem's lyrics. The theme on the front (obverse) of the gold $5 coin is "The Battles at Sea During the War of 1812." It depicts a naval battle from the War of 1812, with an American sailing ship in the foreground and a damaged and fleeing British ship in the background.

星条旗硬币是为纪念美国国歌诞生二百周年而发行的。它们的设计，象征了1812年战争，特别是巴尔的摩战役，突显了国歌的歌词。5美元金硬币正面的主题是“1812年战争期间的海战”。它描述了1812年战争中的一次海战，一艘美国帆船（前景）和一艘受损逃离的英国船（背景）。

The theme on the reverse (tails) is "The Star-Spangled Banner" (the song). It features the first words of the anthem, "O say can you see," in Francis Scott Key's handwriting, over a flag with 15 stars and 15 stripes, as on the flag at the time the words were written.

背面的主题是美国国歌。它突出显示了美国国歌的第一句歌词“哦！你可看见”，这是弗朗西斯·斯科特·基的笔迹；在旗上有15颗星星和15条横条条纹，这就是创作这首诗的时候的美国国旗。

In the design on the front of the silver dollar, Lady Liberty waves the 15-star/15-stripe flag in front of Fort McHenry. The theme of the design is "The Battle of Baltimore at Fort McHenry."

在1美元银硬币的正面图案是：在麦克亨利堡的前面自由女神双手握着挥动的15颗星星和15条横条条纹的国旗。它的设计主题是“巴尔的摩的麦克亨利堡之战”。

On the back, the theme is "The Star-Spangled Banner" (the flag). This side of the coin is filled with a close-up view of a waving modern American flag.

背面的主题是美国国旗。整个硬币面充满了一个特写的飘扬着的现代的美国国旗。

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发帖: 468

金钱: 538

经验值: 219

只看该作者 70楼发表于: 2014-05-14

2014年度纪念币（一）

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Silver Dollar

1964年《公民权利法案》银一美元硬币

The Program
计划
This 2014 coin honors the Civil Rights Act, made law in 1964, on its 50th anniversary.  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 greatly expanded civil rights 保护.  It outlawed racial segregation in public places, funded federal programs, and encouraged desegregation in public schools.
    这枚2014年的硬币是为纪念《公民权利法案》，该法律制定于1964年，今年刚好是五十周年纪念。1964年的《公民权利法案》极大地扩展了公民权利的保护。该法案禁止在公共场所种族隔离，提供联邦政府资金计划，以及支持公立学校废止种族歧视。

The law that required the creation of this coin was passed on December 2, 2008.  The law allows surcharges for each coin that's sold to be paid to the United Negro College Fund.
    这枚硬币是根据2008年12月2日通过的法律而创建的。法律批准将销售的每枚硬币中的附加费拨付给黑人大学联盟基金会。

The Organization
机构
One of the main goals of the civil rights movement was equality in education.  Similarly, the purposes of the United Negro College Fund are to provide scholarships and internships for minority students and to operate services for 37 historically black colleges and universities.
    民权运动的主要目标之一是教育平等。同样，黑人大学联盟基金会的目的是为少数族裔学生提供奖学金和实习机会，该基金会已为三十七所传统的黑人院校的运作提供了服务。

The fund's scholarships and operating funds have enabled more than 400,000 young African-Americans to earn college degrees.  Those graduates include Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and many other leaders in the fields of education, science, medicine, law, entertainment, literature, the military, and politics.  Many of them have also supported the movement for civil rights.
    基金会所提供的奖学金和运作资金，已经使四十多万名年轻的非裔美国人获得大学本科学历。这些毕业生包括马丁路德金博士，以及许多是在教育、医学、法律、娱乐、文学、军事和政治等领域的领军人物。他们中的许多人同样支持民权运动。

The Designs
设计
The design on the obverse (front) features three people holding hands at a civil rights march.  The man holds a sign that reads “We Shall Overcome.”  The design symbolizes all the marches that were part of the civil rights movement.  The 题字 are “2014,” “Liberty,” and “In God We Trust.”
    这枚硬币的正面（前面）的设计特征是：三个人手拉着手参加民权游行。一名男子扛着一面写有“我们终将胜利”的标语牌。这种设计代表了所有游行都是公民权利运动的一部分。还题刻着“2014”、“自由”和“我们信奉上帝”。

On the reverse (back), three flames intertwine to symbolize three civil rights:  to get an education, to vote, and to control one's own destiny.  The design was inspired by the following quote by Martin Luther King, Jr.:  “They get the fire hose.  They fail to realize that water can only put out physical fire.  But water can never drown the fire of freedom.” The 题字 are “Civil Rights Act of 1964,” “Signed into Law July 2, 1964,” “E Pluribus Unum,” “One Dollar,” and “United States of America.”
    硬币背面（后面）是：三个火焰交织在一起，象征着获得教育、选举和掌控自己命运的三个公民权利。这种设计灵感来自下面引用马丁路德金的一句话：“他们或许得到了灭火的水，但他们未能懂得水只能扑灭物理的火，而水却永远不能淹没自由之火。”。还题刻着“1964年公民权利法案”、“1964年7月2日签署成为法律”、“合众为一”、“一美元”和“美利坚合众国”。

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发帖: 468

金钱: 538

经验值: 219

只看该作者 71楼发表于: 2014-11-08

2014年度纪念币（二）

National Baseball Hall of Fame Coins

国家棒球名人榜硬币

T

The Program

计划
The National Baseball Hall of Fame Commemorative Coin Act requires the creation of three coins (in gold, silver, and clad) to recognize and celebrate the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.  The year of issue, 2014, marks the museum's 75th anniversary.
    根据国家棒球名人榜纪念币法案要求，制作三枚硬币（金币、银币和复合币）来确认国家棒球名人和赞美国家棒球博物馆。这三枚硬币于2014年，也即是博物馆75周年纪念时发行。

The law allows surcharges from each coin sold to be paid to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.  This will help fund the （运作） of the Hall of Fame, an independent not-for-profit educational institution.
    法律批准将销售的每枚硬币中的附加费拨付给国家棒球名人纪念馆。这些资金将有助于这个独立的、非营利的教育机构－－名人纪念馆的运作。

The Organization
机构
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum's mission is to help people appreciate baseball's historical development and impact on our culture.  To support this mission, the Museum collects, preserves, exhibits, and interprets baseball artifacts and honors those who have made outstanding （贡献） to the sport.
    国家棒球名人榜与博物馆的使命，是帮助人们领会棒球运动的历史与发展，以及它对我们文化的影响。基于这一使命，博物馆收集、保存、展览和解读棒球运动的用品，以及纪念那些对这项运动作出杰出贡献的运动员。

Since it opened in 1939, the Museum has hosted more than 15 million visitors.
    自1939年开馆以来，博物馆已接待1500多万游客。

Only 1 percent (one out of a hundred) of all the Major League players have been awarded membership in the Hall of Fame.  A plaque is created for each member, and in the Museum's main gallery, the plaques of all 300 members line the oak walls.
    在所有全美职业棒球协会的球员中，有资格已被选入名人榜的球员只有1%（一百个当中只有一个）。奖章是为每一个成员所准备的。到目前为止，所有入选的300名成员的奖章，排列在博物馆主要展厅的橡木墙壁上。

The Museum's other （汇集） include more than 35,000 items such as bats, baseballs, uniforms, player equipment, ballpark artifacts, awards, artwork, textiles, tickets, collectibles, and memorabilia.  The institution's library archives contain more than 130,000 baseball cards and 2.6 million photographs, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, films, and video and audio tapes.
    博物馆的藏品超过35,000件，如：棒、棒球、制服、球员装备、球场产品、奖项、艺术品、纺织品、门票、收藏品和纪念品等。该机构的图书馆收藏了大量的文献，包括130,000多张棒球卡，以及260多万幅（册、件）照片、书籍、杂志、剪报、电影、录像带和录音带。

Expanding Farther into the Third Dimension
进一步扩展到三维立体感
While most coins are basically flat, these coins have a dimensional difference:  the obverse (front) is concave and the other side is convex.  This domed shape is a first for the United States Mint.  Although the 1973 Roberto Walker Clemente Congressional Gold Medal was also curved, the curves were both convex (curved outward).
    虽然大多数硬币基本上都是平的，而这些硬币有一个空间维度的差异：正面（前面）是凹弧面的，而另一面是凸弧面的。这种半球形状的硬币是美国铸币局首创的。虽然1973年的罗伯特·沃克·克莱门特国会金质奖章也是弧形的，但它双面都是凸弧形的（向外凸面）。

The shape of the baseball coins was modeled after two other similarly curved coins that have recently been made in other countries:  France's International Year of Astronomy curved coins and Australia's Southern Cross curved coins.  As the United States Mint planned its first-ever curved coins, the Royal Australian and Perth Mints offered some valuable technical insight.
    棒球形状硬币，是仿效类似最近其他国家制作的二枚弧形硬币：一枚是法国的国际天文年弧形硬币，另一枚是澳大利亚的南十字星弧形硬币。首枚弧形硬币是根据美国铸币局的方案形成的，澳大利亚皇家珀斯造币厂提供了一些有价值的技术观点。

No modern coin has required as much research and development as these.  When you strike a dome-shaped coin, how high can the relief be?  How does this shape affect the milling, turning, and grinding （进行）?  What about the laser frosting and proof polishing?  All these （问题） and more had to be tackled and solved.
    现在的硬币不象弧形硬币那样需要更多的研究与开发。当你打造一枚圆顶形硬币时，你是否知道：它的浮雕能有多高？铣削、车削和磨削等操作对它的外形有什么影响？而对它的激光研磨、抛光、以及它的身份证明又是如何进行的？所有这些问题，甚至是更多的问题，必须处理和解决。

The Designs
设计
To set a design for the concave front of the coin, a national competition was held between April 11 and May 11, 2013.  The winning design, by Cassie McFarland, is the same on all three coins.  (A separate challenge for kids under 14 was also held around that time but coins were not made from the winning designs.)
    这套硬币的正面设定为凹弧面设计，在2013年4月11日至5月11日举行办了一个全国的设计比赛。获奖设计，是由凯西·麦克法兰的三枚相同的硬币设计所获得。以此同时，还分别举办了一个以14岁以下的孩子的设计挑战赛，但该套硬币不是根据这次获奖作品制作的。

The design （由） of a baseball glove, one of the most basic elements of “America's national pastime,” or of even a simple game of catch in the backyard or at the local sand lot.  The glove design also fits the coin's concavity like a...well, like a glove.  This side's （题刻） are placed around the palm of the glove: “Liberty,” “In God We Trust,” and “2014.”
    该设计是由一个棒球手套构成。棒球手套是“全美国人最喜爱”的运动的、最基本的用品之一，它也是在后院或沙滩上进行的、简单的接球游戏的用品。这种手套的设计亦切合硬币正面的凹弧面设计要求，就像棒球手套一样。在这一面，手套的手掌面周围题刻着：“自由”，“我们信奉上帝”和“2014”的字样。

The design on the convex back, also common to all three coins, is a baseball like the ones used in Major League Baseball.  The （题刻）, besides each coin's denomination, are “United States of America” and “E Pluribus Unum.”
    背面为凸弧面设计，这三枚硬币的背面也共用这种设计，就像是《美国职业棒球大联盟》使用的棒球一样。除在每枚硬币上刻有面值外，还题刻有“美利坚合众国”和“合众为一”的字样。

The images of the coins shown are line art renderings, and not photography of the coins.
    这些是硬币的艺术效果图，而不是实际硬币的摄影效果图。

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只看该作者 72楼发表于: 2014-11-08

（祝贺你）
Cassie McFarland!
The winning design in the 2014 Baseball Hall of Fame Commemorative Coin competition was created by Cassie McFarland of San Luis Obispo, California. Her design was selected from sixteen finalists by the Department of the Treasury on September 9, 2013.
凯西·麦克法兰，祝贺你！
2014年棒球名人纪念硬币设计比赛的获胜者，由加利福尼亚州圣路易斯奥比斯波市的凯西麦·克法兰获得。财政部于2013年9月9日从进入决赛的十六件设计方案中，选定了她的设计方案。