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2014 Native American $1 Coin 2014年美国原住民一美元硬币 The 2014 Native American $1 Coin commemorates native hospitality ensuring the success of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Its reverse design depicts a Native American man offering a pipe while his wife offers 食品 of fish, corn, roots and gourds. In the background is a stylized image of the face of William Clark's compass highlighting "NW," the area in which the expedition occurred. 2014年的美国原住民一美元硬币，是为纪念原住民友好款待刘易斯和克拉克探险队、确保了他们探索的成功。这枚硬币背面的图案描述了一名美国原住民送上一根烟斗，而他的妻子则送上补给品：鱼、玉米、根茎和葫芦。而它的背景是一幅威廉·克拉克的标明了“西北”方向的指南针图像，探险就是发生在“西北”这个区域。 Introduction介绍When the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed the Continental Divide, the nature of its mission fundamentally changed. Up to that point, it had been exploring territory that European powers would recognize as belonging to the United States through the Louisiana Purchase. Once past the headwaters of the Missouri River, the expedition was securing the American claim to a new accession of territory, the Pacific Northwest. More than ever before, success of the mission depended on help from the Indian tribes, who might not have understood the long-term 影响 of their hospitality. For every step of their way through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast, Lewis and Clark depended on the friendship, supplies and logistical support of the tribes on their route. They camped in the midst of the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes in the winter of 1804-05 and the Clatsop in 1806, and their cooperation was essential to the resounding success of this mission. 当刘易斯和克拉克探险队越过这块大陆的分水岭时，这次使命的性质就发生了根本的改变。到这时，这片被探索的领土，已被美国通过路易斯安那购地案所购得，并为欧洲列强所承认。而越过密苏里河的上游进行探索，是美国宣称保护其在太平洋西北部新加入的领土。这次使命的完成，比以往更需要印第安部落的帮助，而印第安部落的人还没有明白，他们热情好客的帮助，对美国带来了长久的影响。刘易斯和克拉克他们，穿过落基山脉到达太平洋沿岸的每一步，是依靠着友谊和沿路的印第安部落的物资供应与后勤支持。1804年、1805年和1806年的冬天，刘易斯和克拉克他们，在曼丹部落、希达察部落和克拉特索普部落中扎营越冬，他们的合作对这次使命取得圆满成功是必不可少的。 Contribution贡献The Mandan and Hidatsa tribes of the Missouri River welcomed Lewis and Clark and their Corps of Discovery to their unique dome-shaped earthen lodge villages, often sitting and talking by the campfire when meeting with Black Cat, the Mandan chief. The tribes were located in present-day North Dakota. Their village was the central marketplace for the northern plains. Lewis expressed the highest respect for Black Cat (Posecopsahe) and walked miles out of his way to 烟 a pipe with him on the day of his departure. The expedition group traded for corn and gathered every scrap of intelligence they could about the route ahead. During the winter at Fort Mandan, the expedition 铁匠 forged somewhat eccentric ax heads to trade for corn. Eighteen months later, the expedition found that some of the same ax heads had already been traded to the Nez Perce, which the expedition relied on to supply horses from their famous herd. Down the length of the Columbia River, the Americans traded with the Chinook and other tribes for 食品. 密苏里河的曼丹部落和希达察部落的人欢迎刘易斯和克拉克、以及他们的探险队的到来，并邀请探险队到他们村庄的独特的圆顶状房屋居住。刘易斯和克拉克，以及探险队经常围坐在篝火旁与曼丹首领黑猫会唔交谈。这些部落位于今日的北达科他州，他们村庄是北部平原的中央市场。刘易斯有着对黑猫（黑猫也叫做Posecopsahe）的崇高尊重；在刘易斯离开的那天，他与黑猫抽着烟斗、一起步行了一英多里的路程。探险队在进行玉米交易的同时，收集所有零碎的情报，以便确定他们未来的路线。在曼丹堡的冬季，探险队的铁匠打造一些特别的斧头，用来交换玉米。18个月之后，探险队在内兹佩尔塞，发现同样的一些斧头已经交易到了这里；而探险队所需马匹的补给，也是来自这里有名的牧群。在哥伦比亚河的沿岸地区，美国人与切努克部落以及其他部落进行了补给交易。 The Clatsop Indians were flourishing people who enjoyed plentiful amounts of fish and fur and occupied three villages on the southern side of the Columbia River. They were located in what is now known as Oregon. Some Clatsop 部落男子 complained about the expedition's stinginess with gifts. Coboway, chief of one of the villages, visited the expedition group at its fort, which was still under 施工. He exchanged some goods, including a sea otter pelt, for fishhooks and a 小 bag of Shoshone tobacco. Over the rest of the winter, Coboway would be a frequent and welcome visitor to this area they named Fort Clatsop. The Clatsop also aided the expedition both in preparing for, and dealing with, the northwest winter and informed Lewis and Clark that there was a good amount of elk on the south side of the Columbia, information that influenced the 施工 of Fort Clatsop where they did. When the expedition's food supplies were running low, the Clatsop informed the corps that a whale had washed ashore some miles to the south. 克拉特索普印第安人是一个繁荣的族群，他们享有大量的鱼和皮毛，并在哥伦比亚河的南面占有三个村庄，他们分布在现在被称为俄勒冈州的地方。一些克拉特索普部落的男子，抱怨探险队的礼物小气。一位名叫Coboway的村庄首领，拜访了探险队仍然在建的堡垒。他交换了一些货物，包括一些海獭皮、鱼钩和一些肖松尼人的小口袋烟草。在冬季休整的日子里，Coboway与访客都会受邀请到探险队，他们称为克拉特索普堡垒的地方。克拉特索普部落的人，还帮助探险队做好在西北地区越冬的准备和应对工作，并告知刘易斯和克拉克，在哥伦比亚河南面有大量的麋鹿，它们会影响到克拉特索普堡垒的建设。当探险队食物不足时，克拉特索普的人告知探险队，在南面几英里外有一条鲸鱼搁浅在岸上。 At the expedition's departure from Fort Clatsop, Lewis wrote in his journal that Coboway "has been much more kind an[d] hospitable to us than any other indian in this neighbourhood." Lewis committed the expedition's one act of pilferage, appropriating a Native canoe for the voyage up the river. (He later encountered a Lumhi Indian who claimed ownership of the vessel and paid him off with an elk skin.) This misdeed remained on the historical record, and late in 2011, the family of William Clark presented a replica of the original canoe to the Chinook tribe in recompense. 在探险队离开克拉特索普堡垒时，刘易斯在他的日记中写道：Coboway“比我们附近的任何其他印第安人更加亲切和好客”。刘易斯承认探险队的一次偷窃行为，盗用了原住民的一条独木舟渡河（后来，他遇到一位叫Lumhi的印第安人，声称是这条独木舟的主人，他用了一块麋鹿皮作为购独木舟的费用。）。这个不端行为仍保留在历史档案上。在2011年晚些的时候，威廉·克拉克家族把一条仿真独木舟送给切努克部落作为补偿。
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