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美国硬币的故事 [复制链接]

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只看该作者 75楼 发表于: 2014-11-08

Australia's Southern Cross curved coins
澳大利亚的南十字星弧形硬币


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只看该作者 76楼 发表于: 2015-03-16
2015年度纪念币(一)

Commemorative Coin Program Captures Wild West History of U.S. Marshals Service
美国司法部执法官局在西部荒原执法历史的纪念币计划

Created by the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789, the U.S. Marshals Service is the nation's oldest federal law enforcement agency and was established at the same time as the federal judicial system.  President George Washington appointed the first 13 U.S. Marshals two days later.  The long, distinguished history of the U.S. Marshals Service has included a wide range of (职责), including:
    1789年9月24日创建了司法法案,同时正式建立了美国司法系统,美国司法部执法官局是全美历史最悠久的联邦执法机构。法案通过二天后,乔治·华盛顿总统任命了首支13名执法官的队伍。美国司法部执法官局历史卓越而悠久,它拥有广泛的职责:

Conducting the federal census from 1790 to 1870
    从1790年至1870年进行联邦人口普查。
Keeping law and order in the "Old West"; tracking the outlaw known as Billy the Kid and apprehending desperadoes such as the Dalton Gang and the Wild Bunch
    在旧西部维持法律和秩序;追捕歹徒比利小子,并抓捕亡命之徒诸如道尔顿帮派和野蛮帮。
Confiscating property used to subvert the federal government and rooting out Confederate spies in the Civil War
    在内战期间,没收那些用于颠覆联邦政府的财产和根除南部邦联的密探。
Safeguarding federal property and commerce by keeping trains rolling during the Pullman strike of 1894
    在1894年的普尔曼罢工期间,通过维持列车的运行,保护联邦财产和商业。
Protecting the home front against enemy spies in World War I
    在第一次世界大战期间,在国内开展防备和打击敌方间谍。
Enforcing Prohibition laws
    执行法律禁令。
Assisting in the integration of the University of Mississippi and enforcing federal laws related to civil rights
    协助密西西比大学的整合,执行与公民权利相关的联邦法律。
Establishing and operating the Witness Security Program (commonly known as "witness protection")
    建立和操作证人安全计划(俗称“证人保护计划”)。
The Service arrests 302 fugitives every day on average.
    平均每天抓捕302名逃犯。
Much, much more. See link for Official History Timeline.
    还有很多,请看官方链接的历史时间表。
Celebrating the 225th Anniversary of the U.S. Marshals Service
庆祝美国司法部执法官局225周年纪念

The U.S. Marshals Service 225th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act was signed into law on April 2, 2012 to honor the anniversary of the oldest federal law enforcement agency.  Under that law, Congress directed the Mint to create:
    2012年4月12日签署了美国司法部执法官局成立225周年纪念币法案,以纪念这个历史最悠久的联邦执法机构。根据该法案,国会指示铸币局制造:
100,000 $5 gold coins
5美元金币100,000枚
500,000 $1 silver coins
1美元银币500,000枚
750,000 half-dollar clad coins
50美分复合硬币750,000枚

Each denomination has unique obverse and reverse designs.  Prices for the coins will include surcharges of $35 for each gold coin, $10 for each silver coin, and $3 for each half-dollar clad coin.  The first $5 million in surcharges received from the sale of coins issued under is to be paid to the U.S. Marshals Museum, Inc., for the preservation, maintenance, and display of artifacts and documents.  The remainder of the surcharge funds shall be divided between the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association Foundation, and the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund.
每种面额的硬币都有独特的正反面图案。每枚硬币的价格将包涵附加费在内,每枚金币35美元,每枚银币10美元,每枚复合币3美元。从销售发行硬币所收到的第一个500万美元附加费,将支付给美国法警博物馆有限公司,用作保存、维护以及展示文物的费用。该附加费资金的剩余部分将分配给失踪与受虐儿童国家中心、联邦执法人员协会基金会和国家执法人员纪念基金。

U.S. Marshals 225th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Designs
美国法警225周年纪念币设计图案


The gold obverse design features an image of the United States Marshals Service Star with a western-style backdrop.  (题刻) are 1789, LIBERTY, 2014, UNITED STATES, IN GOD WE TRUST, 2015, MARSHAL and 225 YEARS OF SACRIFICE.
金币的正面设计图案是以西部风格为背景衬托美国司法部执法官局的五角星。题刻着“1789”、“自由”、“美国”、“我们信奉上帝”、“2015”、“法警”“奉献的225年”。


The silver obverse design features an image of the United States Marshals Service Star with silhouettes of Old West U.S. Marshals on horseback. The (题刻) are LIBERTY, 1789-2014, IN GOD WE TRUST, and 2015.
银币的正面设计图案是美国司法部执法官局的五角星与一队骑着马的旧西部美国法警的剪影。题刻着“自由”、“1789-2014”、“我们信奉上帝”和“2015”。


The clad obverse design features a present-day U.S. Marshal with an Old West U.S. Marshal in the background. The (题刻) include LIBERTY, IN GOD WE TRUST, 2015 and 1789-2014.
    复合币的正面设计图案是前景为当今的美国法警,后景是旧西部美国法警。题刻着“自由”、“我们信奉上帝”、“2015”和“1789-2014”。

Reverse of the 2015 United States Marshals Service 225th Anniversary Commemorative Coins
2015年美国司法部执法官局成立225周年纪念币的背面


The gold reverse design depicts an eagle holding a flag.  The eagle is protected by a shield inscribed “U.S. Marshal.”  Additional (题刻) are JUSTICE INTEGRITY SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, E PLURIBUS UNUM and $5.
    金币背面的图案是一只鹰握着一面美国国旗,由一个盾牌保护着鹰,盾牌上刻着“美国法警”。还题刻着“司法诚信服务”、“美国法警”和“$5”。


The silver reverse design features a U.S. Marshal who embodies the grit and determination needed to bring law and order to the American Western frontier.  The Marshal holds a poster that reads “Wanted in Ft. (史密斯)”  Additional (题刻) are JUSTICE INTEGRITY SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, E PLURIBUS UNUM and $1.
    银币背面采用一名美国法警的形像,他体现了美国法警为美国西部边疆带来法律和秩序的勇气和决心。这名法警手握一份通缉令上面写着“通缉斯堡·史密斯”。还题刻着“司法诚信服务”、“美国法警”、“合众为一”和“$1”。


The clad reverse depicts blindfolded Lady Justice holding balanced scales in her left hand as she extends a simplified U.S. Marshals badge.  The U.S.  (宪法)is shown to illustrate that the (美国法警) gets its authority from this document.  Other elements symbolize some of the other well-known tasks of the Marshals Service in changing times:  an 18th century whiskey jug symbolizes the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion, old wooden railroad tracks represent the Pullman Strike of 1894, a stack of schoolbooks strapped together with an apple resting on top symbolizes the 1960 New Orleans school integration.  A pair of open handcuffs represents the task of the U.S. Marshals to apprehend federal fugitives.  (题刻) are UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, E PLURIBUS UNUM and HALF DOLLAR.
    复合币背面设计描述一名被蒙住眼睛的正义女神,她左手持着天平,右手握着一枚简化的美国法警徽章。美国法警的权威来自《美国宪法》这份文件。其他一些元素是反映执法官局在不同时期的一些著名任务:一个十八世纪的威士忌酒壶,象征着1794年的“威士忌酒叛乱”;旧的木制铁路轨道,代表着1894年的普尔曼罢工;一叠捆绑着的教科书上放着一个苹果,它象征着1960年新奥尔良学校的整合;一对打开的手铐,代表着美国法警的任务就是缉拿联邦的逃犯。题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“合众为一”和“半美元”。

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只看该作者 77楼 发表于: 2015-05-05
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员


On November 20, 2013 in Emancipation Hall at the U.S. Capitol, 25 tribes were awarded Congressional Gold Medals in recognition of the dedication and valor of Native American code talkers to the U.S. Armed Services during World War I and II. Another tribe also was recognized at the ceremony with the unveiling of its medal designs.
   2013年11月20日,在美国国会大厦的独立大厅,为表彰在第二次世界大战期间,美国武装部队中的美国原住民密码通讯员的英勇献身精神,授予二十五个部落以国会金质奖章。其他部落奖章的设计也在揭幕仪式上被介绍。

Code Talkers Recognition Congressional Medals Program
密码通讯员获得国会奖章计划

The Program
该计划
The Code Talkers Recognition Act of 2008 (Act) (Public Law 110-420) requires the Secretary of the Treasury to strike Congressional Medals in recognition of the dedication and valor of Native American code talkers to the U.S. Armed Services during World War I and World War II. “Code talkers” refers to those Native Americans who used their tribal languages as a means of secret communication during wartime.
   2008年(法案)的表彰密码通讯员法案(公共法律110-420),要求财政部长制作国会奖章,用以表彰在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间,美国武装部队中的美国原住民密码通讯员的英勇献身精神。“密码通讯员”是指美国原住民在战时使用他们部落的语言作为保密通讯的手段。

Under the Act, unique gold medals are struck for each Native American tribe that had a member who served as a code talker. Silver duplicate medals are presented to the specific code talkers, their next of kin, or other personal representatives. In addition, bronze duplicates are available for sale to the public.
    根据该法案,这些独特的金质奖章,是颁发给美国印第安部落中每个有成员曾担任过密码通讯员的部落,银质副本奖章是特定颁赠给密码通讯员本人、最亲的亲属或者是其他个人代表。此外,铜质复制奖章可发售给公众。


Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(一)

Cherokee Nation
(Oklahoma)
彻罗基族群
(俄克拉荷马州)

Obverse
正面

Designer: Donna Weaver
设计师:唐娜·韦弗
Engraver: Michael Gaudioso
雕刻师:迈克尔·加迪索
The obverse design features a code talker communicating on a field phone and writing in the Cherokee language. (题刻) are CHEROKEE NATION and CODE TALKERS in both Cherokee Syllabary and English.
    
    正面设计的特征是一名密码通讯员在战场上正在用一部电话交流和用彻罗基语言做记录。用彻罗基语言和英语两种文字题刻着“彻罗基族群”、“密码通讯员”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Joseph Menna
设计师:约瑟夫·门纳
Engraver: Joseph Menna
雕刻师:约瑟夫·门纳
The reverse design features a variation of the Cherokee Nation seal. (题刻) are WORLD WAR I, WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
   背面的特征是一个国会奖章版本的彻罗基族群标志。题刻着“第一次世界大战”、“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。
[ 此帖被二队人在2015-06-21 09:05重新编辑 ]
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只看该作者 78楼 发表于: 2015-05-19
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(二)

Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
(South Dakota)
夏延河苏族部落
(南达科他州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Donna Weaver
设计师:唐娜·韦弗
Engraver: Michael Gaudioso
雕刻师:迈克尔·加迪索
The obverse design depicts a World War I soldier sitting in a trench while receiving a message over his telephone. In the lower field, a World War II soldier sits in a deciduous forest while communicating messages. (题刻) are WAKPA WASTE OYANKE AKICITA ZUYA IYASICA, Cheyenne River Sioux language for “good river soldiers fight the enemy,” and LAKOTA CODE TALKERS.
    正面的设计描述了:第一次世界大战中一名士兵正坐在战壕内,用他的电话接收信息的场面,在它的下方,描述了第二次世界大战中两名士兵坐在落叶林中传递信息的场面。题刻着“WAKPA WASTE OYANKE AKICITA ZUYA IYASICA”它是夏延河苏族语言,意思是“夏延河苏族的好战士与敌人战斗”,和“拉科塔密码通讯员”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Jim Licaretz
雕刻师:吉姆·李卡莱斯
The reverse design features elements from the Cheyenne River Sioux flag and four tipis with buffalos imposed on them. (题刻) are WORLD WAR I, WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS.
    背面设计特点的元素来自夏延河苏族族旗的标志,以及印着水牛的四顶印第安人圆锥形帐篷。题刻着“第一次世界大战”、“第二次世界大战”和“国会法案”。
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只看该作者 79楼 发表于: 2015-06-27
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(三)

Choctaw Nation
(Oklahoma)
乔克托族群
(俄克拉荷马州)

Obverse
正面

Designer: Thomas Cleveland
设计师:托马斯·克利夫兰
Engraver: Phebe Hemphill
雕刻师:菲比·亨普希尔
The obverse design features a soldier on his field phone writing "TANAMPO CHITO," which translates to “big gun” in the Choctaw language. (题刻) are CHOCTAW NATION and CODE TALKERS.
    正面的设计特征是一名士兵在战地接听电话,并在记录本上写着“TANAMPO CHITO”,这是乔托克族的语言,翻译过来就是“大炮”的意思。题刻着“乔托克族群”和“密码通讯员”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Jim Licaretz
雕刻师:吉姆·李卡莱斯
The reverse design features the major elements from the Choctaw Nation seal, identified as the pipe hatchet and bow and arrows. (题刻) are WORLD WAR I, WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
    背面设计特点的主要元素来自乔托克族群的标志,烟斗、短柄斧、弓和箭被公认为乔托克族群的标志。题刻着“第一次世界大战”、“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。
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只看该作者 80楼 发表于: 2015-08-01
Public Law 110–420
公共法律110-420
110th Congress
第110届国会
An Act
法案
To require the issuance of medals to recognize the dedication and valor of Native
American code talkers.
要求签发奖章承认美国原住民密码通讯员的英勇献身精神


Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
    该法案是由美利坚合众国国会召集参议院和众议院制定的。

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
第一部分 简称
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Code Talkers Recognition Act of 2008’’.
    该法案可称为《2008年承认密码通讯员法案》。

SEC. 5. CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDALS.
第五部分 国会金质奖章
(c) DESIGN AND STRIKING OF MEDALS.—
   (c)设计引人注目的奖章—
        (3) TREATMENT.—Each medal struck pursuant to this subsection shall be (被 认为) to be a national medal for purposes of chapter 51 of title 31, United States Code.
       (3)对待。—每枚奖章的授予应依据本款规定,应该被视为是《美国法典》第51章第31法令规定的国家奖章。

Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(四)
Comanche Nation
(Oklahoma)
科曼奇族群
(俄克拉荷马州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Richard Masters
设计师:理查德·马斯特斯
Engraver: Charles L. Vickers
雕刻师:查尔斯·L·维克斯
The obverse design features the Comanche Code and Spirit Talker Monument located at Comanche Nation headquarters. (题刻) are COMANCHE CODE TALKERS and NUMUNU, Comanche language for “people.”
   正面设计的特征是位于科曼奇族群总部的科曼奇密码通讯员精神纪念碑。题刻着“科曼奇密码通讯员”和“NUMUNU”,“NUMUNU”是科曼奇族语言,意思是“人民”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Don Everhart
雕刻师:唐·埃弗哈特
The reverse design features the Comanche Nation logo, the 90th Infantry Division insignia on the left and the 4th Infantry Division insignia on the right. (题刻) are PUHIHWITEKWA EKASAHPANA, WORLD WAR I, WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008. According to the Comanche Nation, when loosely interpreted, “puhihwitekwa ekasahpana” means “soldiers talking on phones made of metal.”
   背面设计的特征是科曼奇族群的标志,左边是第90步兵师的徽章,右边是第4步兵师的徽章。题刻着“PUHIHWITEKWA EKASAHPANA”、“第一次世界大战”、“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。根据科曼奇族群的语言,这句“puhihwitekwa ekasahpana”,可简单翻译为“钢铁战士正在通话”。
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只看该作者 81楼 发表于: 2015-08-30
2015年度纪念币(二)

2015 March of Dimes Silver Dollar
Celebrating 75 years of preventing disease and disability in our children
庆祝预防儿童疾病与残疾75周年
2015年美国优生优育基金会一美元银币


Background
背景
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's personal struggle with polio led him to create the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now known as the March of Dimes) on January 3, 1938, at a time when polio was on the rise.
   富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统与伴随他的小儿麻痹症抗争了一生,促使他于1938年3月创建全国小儿麻痹症基金会(现在称优生优育基金会),而当时小儿麻痹症呈上升趋势。

The Foundation established patient aid programs and funded research for polio vaccines developed by Drs. Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin.  Tested in a massive field trial in 1954 that involved 1.8 million schoolchildren known as “polio pioneers,” the Salk vaccine was licensed for use on April 12, 1955, as “safe, effective, and potent.”  The Salk and Sabin polio vaccines ultimately ended the polio epidemics in the United States.
   该基金会设立援助患者项目和资助由乔纳斯·索尔克和艾伯特·萨宾二位博士研究开放小儿麻痹症疫苗。1954年经对180万被称为“小儿麻痹症开拓者”的小学生进行大规模的现场测试。索尔克疫苗以“安全、有效和强有力”的效果,于1955年4月12日获得批准使用。索尔克和萨宾的小儿麻痹症疫苗最终结束了美国小儿麻痹症的疫情。

With its original mission accomplished, the Foundation turned its focus to preventing birth defects, prematurity, and infant mortality in 1958.  It began to fund research into the genetic, prenatal, and environmental causes of more than 3,000 birth defects.  The Foundation's investment in research has led to 13 scientists winning the Nobel Prize since 1954.
   基金会最初的使命完成了,它于1958年将重点转移到防止先天畸形、早产和婴儿死亡率等方面。它开始资助对基因的研究,并对3000多例先天畸形婴儿的产前和环境因素的研究。自1954年以来,基金会在研究方面的投入已经导致13名科学家获得诺贝尔奖。

Since its founding, the March of Dimes has advocated for the passage of legislation critical to maternal and child health at both the federal and state levels, such as the Birth Defects Prevention Act, Children's Health Act, PREEMIE Act, and Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act.  The organization actively supports programs and funding related to prematurity prevention, newborn screening, birth defects, access to health insurance and health care, tobacco cessation, and many more issues that promote healthy pregnancies and healthy babies.
   自成立以来,优生优育基金会主张,在孕产妇和儿童保健的关键问题上,应该在联邦和州两级进行立法,诸如:先天畸形防治法案、儿童保健法案、早产婴儿法案和新生儿筛查拯救生命法案。该组织积极支持并提供资金支持相关的预防早产、新生儿筛查、先天畸形、戒烟、获得医疗保险和医疗保健等项目,还有其他更多的健康怀孕和健康宝宝的问题。

The Legislation
立法
Signed into law December 18, 2012, the March of Dimes Commemorative Coin Act (Public Law 112-209) requires the Secretary of the Treasury to mint and issue silver dollar coins in recognition and celebration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the March of Dimes Foundation.  A $10 surcharge collected from the sale of each coin is authorized to be paid to the Foundation to help finance research, education, and services aimed at improving the health of women, infants, and children.
   2012年12月18日签署的《优生优育纪念币法案》(公共法律112-209)成为法律,要求财政部长铸造和发行一美元银币,以表彰和庆祝优生优育基金会成立75周年。受权从每销售一枚硬币中收集10美元附加费支付给基金会,以资助研究、教育和服务,旨在改善妇女、婴儿和儿童的健康。

The Designs
外观设计
The obverse  and reverse  designs are emblematic of the mission and programs of the March of Dimes Foundation and its distinguished record of generating Americans' support to protect children's health.  (体现) with the (传统) and heritage of the Foundation, the design themes represent the Foundation's past, present, and future and its role as champion for all babies.
   正反面的设计要求反映出优生优育基金会这个项目的使命,以及它在美国全力保护儿童健康所作出的杰出纪录。设计的主题体现基金会的传统和继承,展现基金会的过去、现在和未来,以及它作为婴儿守护神的角色。

The obverse design–representing the past–depicts a profile view of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Dr. Jonas Salk, two leaders in the fight against polio.  The (题刻) are “LIBERTY,” “IN GOD WE TRUST,” and “2015.”
   正面的设计代表的是过去,是一幅描述在小儿麻痹症对抗中的领袖人物富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统和乔纳斯·索尔克博士的侧面头像。题刻着“自由”、“我们信奉上帝”和“2015”。

The reverse design depicts a baby cuddled in the hand of a parent, representing the foundation's dedication to the health of babies everywhere.  The (题刻) are “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” “E PLURIBUS UNUM,” “$1” and, “MARCH OF DIMES.”
   背面的设计描绘偎依在父母手中的婴儿,它象征着基金会完全彻底致力于婴儿的健康。题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“合众为一”、“$1”和“优生优育基金会”。

Both designs were selected by the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury on July 21, 2014.
   这二个设计都是由财政部副部长于2014年7月21日选定的。

The Designers
设计人员
Obverse
正面
Designer:  Paul C. Balan
设计师:保罗·C·巴兰
Sculptor:  Michael Gaudioso
雕刻家:迈克尔·加迪索
Reverse
背面
Designer:  Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Sculptor:  Don Everhart
雕刻家:唐·埃弗哈特
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只看该作者 82楼 发表于: 2015-09-19
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(五)

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
(South Dakota)
克劳溪苏族部落
(南达科他州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Thomas Cleveland
设计师:托马斯·克利夫兰
Engraver: Phebe Hemphill
雕刻师:菲比·亨普希尔
The obverse design features a World War II soldier with phone and map in hand. (题刻) are HUNKPATI DAKOTA OYATE, CROW CREEK TRIBE and SIOUX CODE TALKERS. “Hunkpati Dakota Oyate” is how the tribe refers to itself.
   正面设计的特征是一名二战士兵手里拿着电话和地图。题刻着“HUNKPATI DAKOTA OYATE”、“克劳溪苏族部落”和“苏族密码通讯员”。“Hunkpati Dakota Oyate”是指本身的部落。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Thomas Cleveland
设计师:托马斯·克利夫兰
Engraver: Renata Gordon
雕刻师:雷娜特·戈登
The reverse design features a variation of the Crow Creek Tribe seal. (题刻) are WORLD WAR II, and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
   背面的特征是一个国会奖章版本的克劳溪部落标志。题刻着“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。
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只看该作者 83楼 发表于: 2015-10-01
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(六)

Crow Nation
(Montana)
克劳族群
(蒙大拿州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Jim Licaretz
雕刻师:吉姆·李卡莱斯
The obverse design depicts a variation of the Army Air Corps Wings and is inscribed CROW CODE TALKERS.
   正面的设计描绘了一个变异的陆军航空兵的翅膀,并题刻着“克劳密码通讯员”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Renata Gordon
雕刻师:雷娜特·戈登
The reverse design features the Crow Nation Seal. (题刻) are WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
   背面设计的特征是克劳族群的标志。题刻着“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。


Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(七)

Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
(Montana)
佩克阿西尼博因堡与苏族部落
(蒙大拿州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Don Everhart
雕刻师:唐·埃弗哈特
The obverse design features a World War II infantry helmet and two feathers. (题刻) are FORT PECK ASSINIBOINE, SIOUX TRIBES and CODE TALKERS.
   正面设计的特征是一个第二次世界大战步兵的头盔和两根羽毛。题刻着“佩克阿西尼博因堡”、“苏族部落”和“密码通讯员”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Joel Iskowitz
设计师:乔尔·伊斯科维茨
Engraver: Jim Licaretz
雕刻师:吉姆·李卡莱斯
The reverse design features the outline of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (a buffalo outlined by rivers and creeks), two eagle staffs, a Plains Indian dance whip and the 41st Infantry Division patch. (题刻) are WORLD WAR II, ACT OF CONGRESS 2008, and B CO. 1ST BN 163RD INFANTRY.
   背面设计的特征是印第安保留地佩克堡的轮廓图(用河流和小溪勾勒出水牛的形象),两根鹰杖,一条大草原印第安人的舞鞭和第41步兵师臂章。题刻着“第二次世界大战”、“2008年国会法案”和“B CO. 1ST BN 163RD INFANTRY”。
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只看该作者 84楼 发表于: 2015-10-12
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(八)
Ho-Chunk Nation
(Wisconsin)
Ho-Chunk族群
(威斯康辛州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Michael Gaudioso
设计师:迈克尔·高蒂索
Engraver: Michael Gaudioso
雕刻师:迈克尔·高蒂索
The obverse design features a code talker communicating a message. (题刻) are HO-CHUNK NATION CODE TALKERS and WOINUXᾼᾼ HITéTé, which translates to “talking secretly.”
    正面设计的特征是一名密码通讯员正在交流信息。题刻着“HO-CHUNK族群密码通讯员”和“WOINUXᾼᾼ HITéTé”,“WOINUXᾼᾼ HITéTé”翻译过来就是“秘密交谈”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Don Everhart
雕刻师:唐·埃弗哈特
Engraver: Don Everhart
雕刻师:唐·埃弗哈特
The reverse design features a variation of the Ho-Chunk Nation seal, which includes an eagle, bear, peace pipe and war club. An outline of Wisconsin(威斯康辛州) is also included, signifying the tribe’s historical attachment to the state. (题刻) are WORLD WAR II, SOUTH PACIFIC and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
   背面的特征是一个国会奖章版本的Ho-Chunk族群标志,其中包括鹰、熊、和平烟斗和美洲印第安人作为武器的一种棍棒。还有一幅威斯康辛州的轮廓图,题刻着“第二次世界大战”、“南太平洋”和“2008年国会法案”。


Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(九)
Hopi Tribe
(Arizona)
霍皮部落
(亚利桑那州)
Obverse
正面

Designer: Joel Iskowitz
设计师:乔尔·伊斯科维茨  
Engraver: Don Everhart
雕刻师:唐·埃弗哈特
The obverse design features Hopi code talkers communicating on a field phone and using binoculars to search for the enemy. The B-24 Liberator in the background represents the Hopi code talkers’ service in the 90th and 380th Bombardment Groups. (题刻) are HOPI CODE TALKERS and U.S. ARMY.
   正面设计的特征是在战场上一名霍皮密码通讯员正在用电话交流,一名在用望远镜搜索敌人;在他们的上方是B-24解放者轰炸机,这表示着霍皮族密码通讯员为第90和第380轰炸机群提供服务。题刻着“霍皮族密码通讯员”和“美国陆军”。
Reverse
背面

Designer: Joel Iskowitz
设计师:乔尔·伊斯科维茨  
Engraver: Renata Gordon
雕刻师:雷娜特·戈登
The reverse design features a variation of the Hopi Tribe flag, which depicts a circle with dots, mountains and stalks of corn on both sides of the mountains. The flag’s symbols represent the Hopi way of life. (题刻) are WORLD WAR II,ACT OF CONGRESS 2008, A CODE NEVER BROKEN, KEPT AMERICA FREE and HOPILAVAYI, which in English means “Hopi language.”
   背面的特征是一个国会奖章版本的霍皮部落标志,它描绘了:在一个圆形中有四个小圆点,两坐山和两枝玉米秸秆,而两枝玉米秸秆在山的两侧。这个标志的符号代表着霍皮族人的生活方式。题刻着“第二次世界大战”、“2008年国会法案”、“永不破译的密码”、“守护美国的自由”和“HOPILAVAYI”,“HOPILAVAYI”在英语中的意思是“霍皮族语言”。
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只看该作者 85楼 发表于: 2016-03-09
Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(十)

Kiowa Tribe
(Oklahoma)
基奥瓦部落
(俄克拉荷马州)

Obverse
正面


Designer: Joseph Menna
设计师:约瑟夫·门纳
Engraver: Joseph Menna
雕刻师:约瑟夫·门纳
The obverse design depicts a code talker using a field phone to communicate. (题刻) are KIOWA TRIBE CODE TALKERS and 689TH FIELD ARTILLERY, EUROPE, the U.S. Army unit in which the Kiowa Tribe members served.
    正面的设计描绘了一名密码通讯员在战场上使用电话沟通。题刻着“基奥瓦部落密码通讯员”、“第689野战炮兵部队”和“欧洲”,基奥瓦部落的成员是在这个美国陆军部队服役。


Reverse
背面


Designer: Joseph Menna
设计师:约瑟夫·门纳
Engraver: Joseph Menna
雕刻师:约瑟夫·门纳
The reverse design depicts the Kiowa Tribe logo. (题刻) are DEDICATION, HONOR, VALOR, WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
    背面的设计描绘了基奥瓦部落的标志。题刻着“奉献”、“荣誉”、“英勇”、“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。


Native American Code Talkers
美国原住民密码通讯员
(十一)
Menominee Nation
(Wisconsin)
梅诺米尼族群
(威斯康辛州)

Obverse
正面


Designer: Paul Balan
设计师:保罗·巴兰
Engraver: Phebe Hemphill
雕刻师:菲比·亨普希尔
The obverse depicts a code talker using communication equipment while three P-51 Mustangs fly overhead. (题刻) are MENOMINEE CODE TALKERS and OMAEQNOMENEW KEMOC KEKETOTATOWAK, which translates to “Menominee secretly talk to each other.”
    正面的设计描绘了一名密码通讯员正在使用通讯设备,同时,有三架P-51野马战斗机从他的头顶飞过。题刻着“梅诺米尼密码通讯员”和“OMAEQNOMENEW KEMOC KEKETOTATOWAK”,“OMAEQNOMENEW KEMOC KEKETOTATOWAK”翻译过来就是“梅诺米尼人相互秘密交谈”。


Reverse
背面

Designer: Donna Weaver
设计师:唐娜·韦弗
Engraver: Renata Gordon
雕刻师:雷娜特·戈登
The reverse features the Thunderbird, which is the center element of the Menominee Nation Seal, the five clans (bear, eagle, wolf, moose, and crane), a sturgeon, and wild rice. The Menominee Nation is known for its reliance on wild rice and intense fishing, especially for sturgeon. (题刻) are WORLD WAR II and ACT OF CONGRESS 2008.
    背面的特征是:雷鸟,中心的元素是梅诺米尼族群的标志,五大氏族(熊、鹰、狼、麋鹿和鹤),一条鲟鱼和野生稻。梅诺米尼族群因其依靠野生稻米和捕鱼而闻名,尤其是对捕获鲟鱼。题刻着“第二次世界大战”和“2008年国会法案”。
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只看该作者 86楼 发表于: 2016-12-12
2016年纪念币
2016 Commemorative Coins


Commemorative Coin Program Honors
a Unique American Voice
优异的纪念币计划是一个独特的美国声音

Samuel Langhorne Clemens–better known as Mark Twain–was born in Florida, Mo., on Nov. 30, 1835, and raised in Hannibal, a port city near the Mississippi River that would later become the setting for many of his beloved writings.
   塞缪尔·兰霍恩·克莱门斯,有着一个更广为人们所熟知的名字——马克·吐温。马克·吐温于1835年11月30日出生在密苏里州的佛罗里达,生长在密西西比河附近的汉尼拔港口城市,而这里将成为他许多心爱作品的背景。

Clemens held several jobs, including printer’s apprentice, riverboat pilot and miner, before finding success as a writer and journalist. It was during a stint at a Nevada newspaper that he began writing under his celebrated pseudonym. Soon thereafter, he experienced his first taste of success when his short story “Jim (微笑) and His Jumping Frog” was published in newspapers nationwide.
   克莱门斯干过多项工作,在他成为一名成功的作家和记者之前,曾当过印刷厂学徒、内河领航员和矿工。在内华达从事新闻写作过程中,他创建了他著名的笔名。不久后,他的短篇小说《吉姆的微笑和他的跳蛙》发表在全国性的报纸上,他第一次体验了成功的滋味。

Few authors have influenced American culture like Mark Twain. He is remembered today for addressing the complex social issues facing America at the turn of the century, including the legacy of the Civil War, race (关系) and the economic inequalities of the “Gilded Age.”
   很少有作家像马克·吐温那样影响了美国的文化。因为他点出了当今美国在世纪之交所面临的、要解决的社会复杂问题,包括内战遗留问题、种族关系和经济不平等的“镀金时代”,因此他被美国人民所牢记。

Twain remains one of the best-known Americans in the world, with more than 6,500 (版本) of his books translated into 75 languages. His literary and educational legacy remains strong even today. Nearly every book he wrote is still in print, including “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”–both of which have never gone out of print since they were first published more than a century ago.
   吐温仍然是世界上最著名的美国人之一,他的书被翻译成75种语言,超过6,500个版本。即便在今天他的文学和教育主张依然具有极高的传承意义。几乎他写的每一部书还在印刷,而如《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》,这两本书从一个世纪以前首次出版以来,就从末绝版。

The Legislation
立法
Public Law 112-201, enacted on Dec. 4, 2012, authorizes the United States Mint to strike and issue 100,000 $5 gold coins and 350,000 $1 silver coins to commemorate Mark Twain’s life and legacy. Prices for the coins include surcharges of $35 for each gold coin and $10 for each silver coin, which are authorized to be distributed as follows:
   2012年12月4日通过的公共法律第112-201条,授权美国铸币局铸造和发行100,000枚五美元金币和350,000枚一美元银币来纪念马克·吐温的生平和精神财富。硬币的价格包含附加值,每枚金币35美元,每枚银币10美元,授权分配如下:

One-quarter to the Mark Twain House and Museum in Hartford, Conn., to support the continued restoration of the Mark Twain house and grounds and ensure continuing growth and innovation in museum programming to research, promote and educate the public on the legacy of Mark Twain
    销售收入的四分之一,拨给康涅狄格州哈特福德博物馆和马克·吐温故居。用于支持马克·吐温故居及庭院的持续修复,支持博物馆发展和利用对马克·吐温精神遗产的研究,提升对公众教育的项目。

One-quarter to the University of California, Berkeley, for the benefit of the Mark Twain Project at the Bancroft Library to support programs to study and promote the legacy of Mark Twain
    销售收入的四分之一,拨给加州大学伯克利分校的班克罗夫特图书馆的《马克·吐温项目》,支持和推动对马克·吐温的遗产研究。

One-quarter to Elmira College in New York for research and education purposes
   销售收入的四分之一,拨给纽约州埃尔迈拉大学用作研究和教育用途。

One-quarter to the Mark Twain Boyhood Home and Museum in Hannibal, Mo., to preserve historical sites related to Mark Twain and help support programs to study and promote his legacy.
   销售收入的四分之一,拨给密苏里州汉尼拔博物馆和马克·吐温少年时代的故居,保护与马克·吐温有关的历史遗迹,支持和促进对他遗产项目的研究。
The Designs
设计

Each coin has distinctive obverse and reverse designs that are emblematic of the life and legacy of the author. The gold obverse design features a portrait of Mark Twain with the (题刻) “LIBERTY,” “2016” and “IN GOD WE TRUST.”
   每枚硬币的正面和背面都有一个与众不同的设计,象征着作家的生平和遗产。金币正面设计的特点是一个马克·吐温的肖像,并题刻“自由”、“2016”和“我们信奉上帝”。


The silver obverse design features a portrait of Mark Twain (烟雾) a pipe with the (烟) forming a silhouette of Huck Finn and Jim on a raft in the background. The (题刻) are “LIBERTY,” “IN GOD WE TRUST” and “2016.”
   银币正面设计特点:是一个手拿烟斗正在吸烟的马克·吐温肖像,与在烟雾衬托的一个哈克·费恩和吉姆在一条筏上的剪影的背景。题刻着“自由”、“我们信奉上帝”和“2016”。



The gold reverse design depicts a view of a steamboat with the paddlewheel visible. (题刻) are “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” “$5” and “E PLURIBUS UNUM.”
   金币背面的设计描述了一艘正在航行的轮船与一个推进轮船航行的推进器。题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“五美元”和“合众为一”。



The silver reverse design features an assortment of characters leaping to life from Mark Twain's works: The knight and horse from A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, the frog from The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and Jim and Huck from Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (题刻) are “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” “$1” and “E PLURIBUS UNUM.”
   银币背面的设计特点:是从马克·吐温一生的作品中,跳出的各式各样人物,如从《康州美国佬大闹亚瑟王朝》中跳出的骑士和马,从《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》中跳出的青蛙,以及《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的哈克和吉姆。题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“一美元”和“合众为一”。



The Designers
设计师

Gold Coin Obverse
金币正面
Designer:  Benjamin Sowards
设计师:本杰明·索瓦兹
Sculptor:  Don Everhart
雕刻家:唐·埃弗哈特

Gold Coin Reverse
金币背面
Designer:  Ronald D. Sanders
设计师:罗纳德·d·桑德斯
Sculptor:  Joseph Menna
雕刻家:约瑟夫·门纳

Silver Coin Obverse
银币正面
Designer:  Chris Costello
设计师:克里斯·科斯特洛
Sculptor:  Michael Gaudioso
雕刻家:迈克尔·高蒂索

Silver Coin Reverse
银币背面
Designer:  Patricia Lucas-Morris
设计师:帕特丽夏·卢卡斯莫里斯
Sculptor:  Renata Gordon
雕刻家:雷娜塔·戈登

Minting Facility
铸币厂
Gold Coin:  West Point
金币:西点军校铸币厂
Silver Coin:  Philadelphia
银币:费城铸币厂




Commemorative Coin Program Celebrates
National Park Service Centennial
《纪念币计划》庆祝国家公园管理局成立100周年纪念

The National Park Service (NPS) has had stewardship of America's national parks since 1916, when President Woodrow Wilson signed legislation creating the agency. It oversees approximately 400 sites covering some 84 million acres in the United States and its territories. In addition to national parks, the NPS system includes monuments, battlefields, military parks, historical parks, historic sites, lakeshores, seashores, recreation areas, scenic rivers and trails, as well as the White House. More than 20,000 NPS employees care for these sites with help from dedicated volunteers and park partners.
   国家公园管理局(简称NPS),自伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署法案建立国家公园管理局,从1916年起就已经管理美国的国家公园。它监管着美国领土内的400个地点约8,400万英亩土地。除国家公园以外,NPS系统还包括纪念碑、战场、军事公园、历史公园、历史遗址、湖滨、海滨、休闲区、风景河流和山径,以及白宫。有超过20,000名NPS的员工与其他乐于奉献的志愿者和公园的合作伙伴,共同管理与维护着这些公园和遗址。

The Legislation
立法

The 100th Anniversary of the National Park Service Act (Public Law 113-291) was signed into law on December 19, 2014, to commemorate the agency's 2016 centennial. Under that law, Congress directed the Mint to strike and issue:
   为庆祝国家公园管理局在2016年的建立100周年纪念,于2014年12月19日签署了《国家公园管理局100周年纪念法案(公共法律第113-291条)》。根据该法律,国会指导国家铸币局制造和发行:

100,000 $5 gold coins
100,000枚五美元金币
500,000 $1 silver coins
500,000枚一美元银币
750,000 half dollar clad coins
750,000枚50美分复合币

Prices for the coins include surcharges of $35 for each gold coin, $10 for each silver coin and $5 for each half dollar clad coin. The law authorizes the surcharges to be paid to the National Park Foundation for projects that help preserve and protect resources under the stewardship of the NPS and promote public enjoyment and appreciation of these resources.
   硬币的价格包含附加值,每枚金币35美元,每枚银币10美元,每枚50美分复合币5美元。法律授权把附加值支付给国家公园基金会的项目,帮助NPS管理下的资源的维持和保护,以提升公众享受和欣赏这些资源。

The Designs
设计
Obverse
正面

The gold obverse design features John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt with Yosemite National Park's Half Dome in the background. (题刻) are "LIBERTY," "2016" and "IN GOD WE TRUST."
   金币正面的设计特点是约翰·缪尔和西奥多·罗斯福的头像,以及后半圆作为背景的约塞米蒂国家公园,题刻着“自由”、“2016”和“我们信奉上帝”。



The silver obverse design features Yellowstone National Park's Old Faithful geyser and a bison. (题刻) are "LIBERTY," "NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CENTENNIAL," "IN GOD WE TRUST," “1916” and “2016.”
   银币正面的设计特征是黄石国家公园的老忠实泉的喷柱和野牛。题刻着“自由”、“国家公园管理局百年纪念”、“我们信奉上帝”、“1916”和“2016”。



The clad obverse design features a hiker discovering the majesty of the wilderness and a (小) child discovering a frog hiding in ferns, celebrating the diversity and breadth of the NPS. (题刻) are "LIBERTY," "2016," "IN GOD WE TRUST," "1916" and "NATIONAL PARK SERVICE."
   复合币正面的设计特征:一名徒步旅行者发现壮丽的旷野和一名小孩发现隐藏在蕨类植物下一只青蛙,以赞美NPS的多样性和广域。题刻着“自由”、“2016”、“我们信奉上帝”、“1916”和“国家公园管理局”。


Reverses
背面

The gold reverse (tails side) design features the National Park Service logo. (题刻) are "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM" and "$5."
   金币正面的设计特征是国家公园管理局的标志,题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“合众为一”和“五美元”。



The silver reverse design depicts a Latina Folklórico dancer and the NPS logo, representing the multi-faceted cultural experience found in America's national parks. (题刻) are "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," "$1" "HERITAGE," "CULTURE" and "PRIDE."
   银币背面的设计描画一名拉丁舞者和NPS的标志,表示在美国的国家公园里,可以找到多元文化的体验。题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“合众为一”、“一美元”、“遗产”、“文化”和“自豪”。



The clad reverse features the NPS logo. (题刻) are "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," "HALF DOLLAR," "STEWARDSHIP" and "RECREATION."
   复合币背面的设计特征是NPS的标志。题刻着“美利坚合众国”、“合众为一”、“50美分”、“管理”和“休闲”。



The Designers
设计师

Gold Coin Obverse
金币正面
Designer:  Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Sculptor:  Don Everhart
雕刻家:唐·埃弗哈特

Gold Coin Reverse
金币背面
Designer:  Don Everhart
设计师:唐·埃弗哈特
Sculptor:  Don Everhart
雕刻家:唐·埃弗哈特

Silver Coin Obverse
银币正面
Designer:  Joseph Menna
设计师:约瑟夫·门纳
Sculptor:  Joseph Menna
雕刻家:约瑟夫·门纳

Silver Coin Reverse
银币背面
Designer:  Chris Costello
设计师:克里斯·科斯特洛
Sculptor:  Jim Licaretz
雕刻家:吉姆Licaretz

Clad Half Dollar Coin Obverse
50美分复合币正面
Designer:  Barbara Fox
设计师:芭芭拉·福克斯
Sculptor:  Michael Gaudioso
雕刻家:迈克尔·高蒂索

Clad Half Dollar Coin Reverse
50美分复合币背面
Designer:  Thomas Hipschen
设计师:托马斯hipschen
Sculptor:  Charles L. Vickers
雕刻家:查尔斯·L·维克斯
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